Irharnathi (Punica granatum)

El iirharnati, ogama lakhe lezenzululwazi IPunica granatum, lityholo elikhulu okanye umthi omncinane othi, nangona unameva, wawulinywa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwiMeditera. Ixhathisa kakhulu kwimbalela, kangangokuba inokuhamba iinyanga ingafumani nethontsi lamanzi emva kokuba inexesha lokuntshula kumhlaba wegadi; kwaye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu asehlotyeni adla ngokufikelela kuloo mmandla, adla ngokudlula kuma-35ºC ubukhulu, awamoyikisi.

Ngoko ke luhlobo lweziqhamo oluza kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa imvula inqabile, nto leyo evelisa iintyatyambo ezintle kakhulu, kwaye ayifuni naluphi na ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo. Masiyazi.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu ze IPunica granatum

Irharnati ngumthi omncinci ozalwa kwi-Old Continent, efunyenwe ngokukodwa ukusuka e-Iran ukuya kwi-Himalayas, nangona njengoko besitshilo, ikhona kwiMeditera yonke, kwaye ixesha elide, ukuba inokunika ingcamango yokuba yavela khona. Ifikelela kwiimitha ezi-5 ubude, kwaye sisityalo esinamagqabi avuthulukayo esiphulukana namagqabi ekwindla/ebusika., kuxhomekeke kumaqondo okushisa kwindawo (i-milder iyancipha, ithatha ixesha elide ukuyilahleka).

La magqabi aluhlaza entlakohlaza-ehlotyeni kwaye amthubi ekwindla, omisiwe, malunga neesentimitha ezisi-7 ubude ne-2 yeesentimitha ububanzi, kwaye aqhele ukuhluma ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza, njengoko umngcipheko weqabaka uphela kwaye i-mercury kwithemometha inyuka. . Kungekudala emva koko iyadubula, kwaye ikwenza oko ngokuvelisa iintyatyambo ezibomvu okanye ezipinki malunga neesentimitha ezi-2 ububanzi Basenokuba bangatshatanga okanye kabini.

Kamva, ehlotyeni, iziqhamo zivuthwa. Ezi zingqukuva okanye ukumila okumbhoxo, malunga ne-5-10 yeesentimitha ububanzi ngobude, kwaye zinexolo eliorenji/elibomvu. Ngaphakathi sifumana inani elikhulu lembewu ebomvu, enemilo engqukuva, enomlinganiselo omalunga ne-15 millimeters.

Iindidi ze IPunica granatum

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeerharnati, ezifana nezi:

• UAlandi: iirharnati zayo ziphakathi ngokomlinganiselo kwaye zinembewu eqinileyo.
• Mhlophe: Ibizwa ngolu hlobo kuba iziqhamo zicacile, kunye ne-pulp enemibala ekhrimu.
• IsiValencian Mollar: Ngumthi omkhulu oneziqhamo ezinkulu ezinemilo engqukuva.
• IsiKandhari: Ivelisa iirharnathi ezinkulu ezimnyama ezibomvu ezinembewu eqinileyo.
• Isimanga: Yenye yezo zivelisa iziqhamo ezinkulu nezingcono ezingcamla.

Isebenza ntoni irharnathi?

I-protagonist yethu isetyenziswe, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, njenge Umthi weziqhamo. Imbewu yayo iyatyiwa, kwaye eneneni iziselo, iisyrups zilungiswa kunye nazo, kwaye zinokutyiwa zintsha kuba zinencasa eswiti emyoli.

Ukongeza, zibalelwa iipropathi zamayeza, ezifana ne-antioxidants, i-vermifuges, i-diuretics, kunye ne-antihypertensives. Yaye ngokwahlukileyo koko abantu abaninzi bakukholelwayo, irharnati ayibangeli ukuqhinwa; ngokuchaseneyo: isebenza njengelaxative. Oku kungenxa yokuba iqulethe i-avareji ye-4 grams yefayibha kwi-100 grams yesiqhamo, ngaphezu kwamapere, umzekelo, ene-3.1 grams.

Nangona kunjalo, ayisosityalo esithwala isiqhamo kuphela, kodwa kwakhona mhlobiso. Luhlobo olunomdla kakhulu, kuba entwasahlobo luba luhle kakhulu xa luqhakaza, kwaye lunokubonelela ngomthunzi. Ukunyamezela ukuthenwa kakuhle, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba uyikhulise embizeni okanye njengebhonsai.

Loluphi ukhathalelo olufunayo?

Umrharnati sisityalo esingadingi kukhathalelwa kakhulu, kodwa ukuba kukho into engenakuyiphosa, ayikhe ibenelanga. Ayiyi kuhlala ethunzini; nangaphakathi kwindlu enokukhanya okuninzi ineengxaki ezinzulu, kuba kufuneka ihlale ngaphandle, kwindawo evulekileyo. Kodwa ukongeza, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ezinye izinto ukuze kulunge:

Ubicación

Sithe ilanga malinike, kodwa liyibeke phi? Ewe, into yokuqala ukwazi ukuba sisityalo esingenakufikelela kuphela kwiimitha ezi-5 ukuphakama, kodwa siphuhlise isithsaba esimalunga neemitha ezi-3 ububanzi. Ngoko ke, kwimeko apho iya kuba phantsi, kufuneka ityalwe kumgama ubuncinane weemitha ezi-2 ukusuka kwiindonga kunye neendonga., kunye nezinye izityalo ezinezithsaba ezibanzi.

Ukuba sifuna ukuba nayo embizeni, sinokuyenza, kodwa kuya kubaluleka kakhulu ukuyithena amaxesha ngamaxesha ukulawula ukukhula kwayo., kwaye uyityale kwizikhongozeli ezikhulayo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-4, kungenjalo iingcambu ziya kuphelisa umhlaba okhoyo kunye nendawo, kwaye isityalo siya kuyeka ukukhula. Ukususela ngoko, yayiza kuba buthathaka.

Umhlaba okanye i-substrate

• Jadini: ikhula phantse kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba, kodwa ikhetha lowo ukhupha amanzi ngokukhawuleza.
• Imbiza yeentyatyambo: ukuba izakuba kwisikhongozeli, singayityala kumhlaba wezityalo jikelele, njengaye enye.

Unkcenkceshelo kunye nombhalisi

Ukuphindaphinda kokunkcenkceshela kuya kuhluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu, kwaye nokuba sinayo irharnati emhlabeni okanye embizeni. Kwaye kunjalo ukuba ibisengadini ixesha elingaphezu konyaka, mhlawumbi sele iqhelekile kwaye ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa manqaphanqapha ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo.; Kwelinye icala, ukuba isembizeni, kuya kufuneka siyinkcenkceshele rhoqo, sivumele umhlaba wome kancinci phakathi kokunkcenkceshela kunye nokulandelayo.

Ngokubhekiselele kumbhalisi, kuyafana okufanayo. Ukuba isemhlabeni, akukho mfuneko yokuyichumisa, kodwa isembizeni, kuba umhlaba ulinganiselwe kwaye izondlo ezikuwo, kufuneka zichunyiswe ngezichumiso eziphilayo, ezifana nezichumisi. iguano, entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni.

Ukuthena

Ukuba iyafuneka, kuya kwenziwa ekwindla. Ekubeni iqhakaza entwasahlobo, kwaye inomdla ukuba ivelise iirharnati, sincoma ukuyithena xa kuphelelwa amaqabunga. Ukwenza oku, siya kuphelisa amasebe awomileyo kunye nalawo aphukileyo, siya kuphelisa abo bahlumayo ukusuka kwisiqingatha esisezantsi se-trunk, kwaye siya kunciphisa ubude bokuphumla ukwenzela ukuba ibe nesithsaba esincinci.

Ukuphindaphinda

Umthi werharnathi uphindaphindwa ngembewu, ukusika kunye necultivars ngokuxhunyelelwa.

Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo

Nangona isisityalo esixhathisa ngokufanelekileyo, oko akusithinteli ekubeni sibe nesitshabalalisi. Inyaniso, inokuba nentwala, mealybugs, kunye ne borers. Kwakhona, iirharnati zisengozini kwiimpukane zeziqhamo. Ukulwa nabo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinambuzane ze-ecological kunye nokunye okunjalo kuyacetyiswa, njenge imigibe encangathi emthubi ezisebenza ngokuchasene nezinambuzane ezibhabhayo, okanye i umhlaba owomileyo ebulala izinambuzane ezifunxa incindi ngokugqobhoza imizimba yazo kwaye ibangele ukuba zife ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Ngokuphathelele izifo, kunzima ukuba umthi werharnati ubonakale ulungile ukuba ube nazo. Kodwa ukuba umhlaba uxinene kakhulu, kwaye/okanye ukuba unkcenkceshelwe ngokugqithisileyo, i-pathogenic fungi efana ne-alternaria okanye i-phytophthora iya kuyosulela. Ukunqanda oku, kufuneka ityalwe kumhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye neendawo, kwaye umhlaba kufuneka uvunyelwe wome phambi kokuba unkcenkceshelwe kwakhona. Ukuba amagqabi ajike abe tyheli kwaye awe, ukuqala ngala asezantsi, okanye ukuba afumene amanzi amaninzi, kuya kufuneka siyinyange. umngundo.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo, i IPunica granatum Iyakwazi ukuhlala kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo (zonyaka): ukusuka kwi-subtropical kunye neMeditera, ukuya kwiindawo ezibandayo. Imelana neqabaka ukuya kutsho kwi -10ºC, shushu ukuya kuma 40ºC, imbalela ukuba ibisemhlabeni ixesha elingaphezu konyaka, kunye nezikhukhula (ezifana nezo zenzeke ekupheleni kwehlobo kumzantsi-mpuma we-Iberian Peninsula kunye ne-Balearic archipelago) ukuba nje umhlaba ukhupha amanzi ngokukhawuleza. .

Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, luhlobo oluphezulu, olucetyiswa kakhulu.